Students will use a political map of the united states, locate a state on the map, and identify another state that borders using the cardinal or intermediate direction. Bearings are generally given in one of two formats, an azimuth bearing or a quadrant bearing. Bearings are mechanical assemblies that consist of rolling elements and usually inner and outer races which are used for rotating or linear shaft applications, and there are several different types of bearings, including ball and roller bearings, linear bearings, as well as mounted versions that may use either rolling element bearings or plain. It is very important to know where north is on the map and make sure that the orienting arrow is pointing toward north. If the survey bearings are based on grid north gn, you need to adjust your bearings to. Plotting a bearing on a map using a baseplate compass. When the compass is used, the rose can be aligned with the corresponding geographic directions.
We want to plot on the map, measuring from grid north. I was told that each of the original four points will need to have a circle centred on it, with ticks representing 360 degrees. The direction of travel arrow should still be pointing. In this article, let us see what is bearing, how bearings are classified, hydrodynamic bearings, hydrostatic bearings. Map bearings can then be set on the compass dial as read from the map, but the magnetic needle now needs to be aligned with the tape line, rather than the orienteering arrow. Nov 26, 2015 now you want to turn the compass housing bezel so that the n on the bezel and the orienteering arrow are point to grid north the top of the map. A grid bearing is one measured on the map with the compass used as a protractor. Compass bearing, in degrees, minutes and seconds and decimal, adjusted for magnetic declination. When we plot it on the map, we will start plotting at the known location, and extend the bearing line back towards the unknown location. Using a compass and map to take a bearing or offroad. Outdoor navigation with map and compass whatcom county. Using a compass to measure both possible bearing angles of the line. Apr 07, 2008 a bearing is a measurement of direction between two points.
There are three different norths in common use and in some cases choices to be made about which to use on your compass, map and gps. Compass types section 3 compass features section 4 taking a bearing. Get your bearings modified with permission from outdoor recreation education opportunities, wyoming game and fish department overview. Knowledgeable use of a compass, survey, and maps is essential too. Take the compass off the map and note what the bearing is. Compass housing contains the magnetic needle and has the points of the compass printed on a circular, rotating bezel compass needle floats in liquid so it can rotate freely but without being too sensitive to movement, the red end points to magnetic north. They also cover up more features on the map making it more difficult to navigate in open terrain. Introduction to compass directions and angular bearings. Slide the baseplate until one of its straight edges aligns with either the left or right edge of your map. There are two handheld gps types military specified dagr, spgr. There are four types of bearings most commonly used in land navigation. I have a requirement to create a map or multiple maps showing four different locations with a bearing compass drawn around each one, oriented towards grid north. To convert grid bearings which are indicated by a map to magnetic bearings as per the compass pointing to magnetic north, add the current variation by turning the compass housing anticlockwise. Turn the map until you can look across it to the feature.
Bearings worksheets contents compass bearings page 2 add 3figure bearings to a compass rose calculating bearings page 3 plot points using coordinates and find simple bearings bearings homework page 4 measure bearings and find changes in direction bearings map page 5 for use with next activity designed for a3 size map tasks pages 67. For more information on forward and back bearings, see our tutorial on forward and back bearings. A true bearing is measured using the direction toward the geographic north pole as a reference point. Clear, so when placed on top of the map you can still see the map features. Taking a bearing step 2 hold the base plate in position on the map and turn the compass housing so that the orienting arrow of the housing is pointing to north on the map the lines inside the housing should be parallel with the grid lines on the map.
The lines within the compass housing are lined up with the eastings, pointing to north on the map you now have an accurate grid bearing. How to use a compass navigating with a map and compass. Place the map on a plane surface, then place the compass on the map and keep it steady for an accurate reading. Turn the map and compass together until the magnetic needle lines up with the orienting arrow. The vessel moves through each of eight compass bearings cardinal and intercardinal points for each of the eight points the bearing of the transit line is taken and any discrepancy between this compass bearing and the known chart bearing is noted. To transfer the bearings and set the same course outside on the ground. The rolling elements distinguish the two basic bearing types ball bearings and roller bearings. Being able to travel efficiently in unfamiliar terrain using a map and compass. Apr 08, 2020 how to find your bearings with a compass. The compass applied to the map is the best method of orienting the map to the land. In a tapered roller bearing, the center lines do not converge at a common point. A grid bearing is measured using the direction northwards along the grid lines of the map projection as a reference point.
A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions or points. There are also two important types of distinct markings on a compassnorth label and 360 degree markings. Note if the declination is west, place the tape strip at 360 minus declination to. There are several kinds of compasses, one kind to attach to the map, one kind to attach to your. Place the compass on the map so that either of the edges or one of the long lines of the base plate is touching both your starting point and finishing point make sure that the direction. To help do this make sure that the orienteering lines are lined up with the easting lines on the map. How to read a bearing compass for surveying our pastimes. You can read it at the cursor which is in line with the direction of travel arrow. Students use a compass to determine bearings direction. Place the compass on the map so that either of the edges or one of the long.
The compass is a tool to show you where you are in relation to direction i. After adjusting your compass for declination, start by orienting your map to true north, as in the previous example. The reporting of standard compass bearings always start with north or south. The dial will be marked every two degrees to cover the full 360 degrees and will have the four main compass points of n,s,e,w. The separator, which retains the balls or rollers, is also called the cage. Place your compass on the map with the direction of travel arrow pointing toward the top of the map. The compass is numbered clockwise with north as 0, east 90, south 180, and west 270. Review the abcs of compass and map video section 1 introduction section 2 compass types section 3 compass features section 4 taking a bearing section 5 map features section 6 declination section 7 compass and map section 8 map orientation section 9 poor weather travel section 10 flatland navigation section 11 triangulation.
Thank you for choosing the abcs of compass and map as a method of educating your students in vital. An azimuth bearing uses all 360 of a compass to indicate direction. Clicking ok on the display will adjust the red compass direction of travel arrow to compensate for magnetic declination. Topo maps feature imaginary lines called contour lines that connect areas of equal elevation. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Check your alignment with another feature, perhaps at a 90degree angle to the first. Bearings are indispensable machine elements finding utility in almost all the gadgets what we use in our day to day life right from our the electric shavers to the cars we drive. Note if the declination is west, place the tape strip at 360 minus declination to 360 minus declination minus 180. Each card also includes a grid reference guide, a compass rose and a bearing guide. The primary source is the manual of map reading and land. Both are aids to help you to see on paper the map where you are actually on the ground.
Standard compass bearings include sixteen directions. If the survey bearings are based on true north tn you will need to adjust your bearings to magnetic north mn by twisting the compass housing counterclockwise 160 30. One way of doing this is described in the following steps. Base plate compasses also make it more difficult to keep track of your position on the map. Map alone part i a map is a representation of part of the earth sometimes entire. North references for navigating with map, compass and gps to use a compass with your map and your gps you need to have an understanding of the north reference used by each of them. Map reading fundamentals maps and the grid system map identification.
Also called the azimuth ring, this outer circle has. Tracking present locationdetermining distancesense of directionhow to read a topographic map terrain and map associationspatial skillsplanning safe, practical routes and more navigational skills the best way to learn land navigation is to get dirt time, that is, get out there with a map and compass. The compass also consists of two arrowsdirection of travel and an orienting arrow. Lets say that you are going on a threeday backpacking trip and each x will indicate a new campsite. These transparent cards have line scales in kilometres marked along each edge. To use orienteering compasses to find bearings and their corresponding back bearings for a short orienteering course. Students use a compass to determine bearingsdirection. How to take a compass bearing with steve backshall and. An accurate compass needle always points to magnetic north. North references for navigating with map, compass and gps. Without moving the compass, rotate the azimuth ring until the orienting arrow indicated by n and the orienting lines point northward on the map, as indicated by the maps north arrow or vertical lines. Clear, so you can see the map below it, it has at least one straight edge for taking bearings and transferring them to your map rulers. To convert from a magnetic bearing to a true bearing.
The map card available with this guide has line scales and text that are colour coded for different map scales. Tells you which direction to point the compass when youre taking or following a bearing. A military map is uniquely identified by 3 items listed in the top and bottom edges of the map. The liquidfilled compass mounts on a rectangular base made of clear plastic. Taking and following a compass bearing map and compass. The baseplate often includes a magnifying lens for map reading, luminous components for lowlight conditions and different scales for worldwide use.
By using a map and compass to ensure that you always know where you are. Most common used by outdoorsmen is the topographic map or topo map. Students will become familiar with navigational tools map and compass and demonstrate their ability. Draw a line with a ruler or the edge of your compass, connecting all three spots. Check out our pathfinder guide titled navigation skills for walkers including map reading, compass and gps. Turn both map and compass together until the red end of the needle is on the n. Rotate the bezel so that n north is lined up with the direction of travel arrow. Keeping the edge of the base plate on the symbol, turn the entire compass on the map until the orienting arrow and the compass needle point to north on the map.
A grid bearing is measured in relation to the fixed horizontal reference plane of grid north, that is, using the direction northwards along the grid lines of the map projection as a reference point, while a compass bearing, as in vehicle or marine navigation, is measured in relation to the magnetic compass of the navigators vehicle or vessel. Our compass bearings are measured from magnetic north. Now, you must align the orienting lines and arrow on your compass with the meridian lines on the map. The baseplate compass is one of the most common and affordable types of compass. Determine the bearing of one of the landmarks see bearings page 00. Ep, rl m3 evaluate the route planning with the route card. A good knowledge of the conventional signs on the map that you are using will make your map reading faster, and therefore more effective. Place the compass on the map so that one side of the base plate points toward the landmark. This section will help your students begin to understand how bearings are found using a compass and map together. Part 1 basic land navigation on point preparedness.
Usually, a diagram called a compass rose shows the directions north, south, east, and west on the compass face as abbreviated initials. Just think of anything that rotates and you are sure to find a bearing in one form or other in it. Now you want to turn the compass housing bezel so that the n on the bezel and the orienteering arrow are point to grid north the top of the map. If the compass bearing is greater the deviation is west, if less the deviation is east. An instructional manual for personal develop ment of. Hold the map flat with the ground, directly in front of you, with the bottom of the map next to your body. How to orient a map and take a bearing with a compass. Without a compass, you can still use your map by relying on visible features, but a compass allows you to more accurate and navigate where there are few obvious landscape features. The basics 5 how do i navigate with a compass and a topographic map. Students will use a political map of the united states, locate a state on the map, and identify another state that. Compass bearings give the orienteer a false sense of reliance on the compass rather than the map. Together the two parts of this activity will teach reading bearings from a map and.
The bearing we end up with represents the angle between a line from magnetic north to our location, and a line from our location to the cabin. The code for the area of the world that the map series covers. If you already know your location, you can use your compass to figure out how to get to any point on your map. Thank you for choosing the abcs of compass and map as a method of educating your.
The compass is surrounded by a rectangular, translucent base plate, which serves as a straight edge to help mark the bearing on the topographic map. The first compass bearing we need to take at the lake is from our unknown location to our cabin on the far shore. For example, if the current variation was 6 degrees. Lay the compass on top of the map and align one long side of the baseplate along one of the magnetic north lines you added. Tracking present locationdetermining distancesense of directionhow to read a topographic mapterrain and map associationspatial skillsplanning safe, practical routesand more navigational skillsthe best way to learn land navigation is to get dirt time, that is, get out there with a map and compass. A bearing is a measurement of direction between two points. Conventional signs conventional signs are the shorthand of a map and, being slightly different on every map, need to be studied by you. The basics of map reading with a compass pure leisure. Are there tools in arcgis for drawing compass bearings.
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